Formation of a lava dome at Sabancaya volcano during the year 2019: evidences from multiparametric monitoring
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47347/incasciences.v1i1.29Keywords:
Sabancaya Volcano, Lava Dome, Multiparametric Monitoring, Thermal AnomaliesAbstract
The Sabancaya Volcano (southern Peru), began a new eruptive sequence in November 2016, after 18 years of dormancy. Its eruptive activity is characterized by constant, moderate, Vulcanian explosive activity (VEI = 1-2). One of the most noteworthy characteristics of this process is the growth of a lava dome in the crater, which was detected by multiparametric volcanic monitoring. The process started on March 5 with detection of deformation probably due to over-pressurization of a shallow source suggesting degassing and
magma migration. Degassing is recorded since March 27 with an increase in the flow of SO2. Additionally, an increase in pressure due to degassing and magma migration are suggested during this stage by high energy (105 MJ) LPs. Consequently, on April 27 the height of volcanic plumes increases from 1500 to 3000 meters above the crater. This is followed by the rupture of internal structures due to magma migration, triggering swarms of VT and VTD earthquakes with very high seismic energies (up to 294 MJ
in one day). The migration of fluids through these fractures resulted in an increase in energy in LP earthquakes. Subsequently, we propose that the extrusion of the lava dome started on September 6 as suggested by more energetic LP earthquakes caused by the degassing of ascending magma and the occurrence of a new swarm of shallow VT seismicity triggered as the magma pushed
its way to the surface. Finally, between November 26 and December 3 a last pulse of magma contributed with the growth of the dome. The seismic characteristics change completely with the daily number of explosions and LPs decreasing and a dramatic increase in TRE and HIB earthquakes, which suggests the existence of a permeable dome. Since there is no surface deformation or seismic events associated with the movement of large volumes of fluids, we propose that it is the end of this process.
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